New lab paper in JADD!

The end of 2025 saw the publication of this excellent review paper - led by PhD student Charley Beckett - on the classical and emerging approaches to Major Depressive Disorder subtyping. You can read the paper here.

The paper covers the full breadth of efforts to subtype MDD, from purely clinical categorisation methods towards novel, more biologically informed and/or computationally sophisticated approaches to patient stratification.

The key advance that Charley brought was to evaluate the clinical utility of each subtype based on 1) whether it can be easily identified in a clinical setting and 2) whether it is prognostically useful, viewing both as fundamental. This evaluation framework is intended to assist clinicians in selecting the most evidence-based approaches to patient stratification that are currently available to them in clinical practice.

To summarise the findings, we found that traditional clinical subtypes based on severity, psychosis, and proximal aetiology have practical value, with severity reliably predicting prognosis and treatment choice. In contrast, symptom based and seasonal subtypes show weak prognostic utility due to poor patient clustering and limited clinical reliability. Emerging biologically grounded subtypes, linked to HPA axis, immuno-metabolic, and reward circuit dysfunction, show strong promise for predicting response to novel treatments, though their overlap and boundaries remain to be resolved using large scale and computational approaches.

Well worth a read for all the details!